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11	Dezember 2018

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Establishing a routine with the puppy will help with the process and will avoid any accidents. Crate training techniques follows:
1. Food and water for your puppy at the same times everyday next 4 weeks (or as close to the same times as possible) each day. Most puppies are fed at least 2 to 4 times per day depending on their age.

2. � When the puppy has finished eating place them in their crate with some toys and soft bedding material.
The crate should be where the puppy can still see people and feel part of the family Cheap Jaromir Jagr Jersey , not where they feel that they are being isolated or punished for bad behavior.
Its good in the beginning to leave the door open so your puppy can go in and out to get conferrable with his surroundings.

3. � 15 minutes or so after (from the crate) take them outside to his area that you wish for the puppy to use a bathroom.
If you puppy has spoiled the crate prior to this 15 minute mark don�t punish them, simply clean the crate and plan the next time to take them out earlier.
This is a process, you will eventually find out just when the little puppy will go to the bathroom after eating.

4. � Have the puppy walk with you to the outside area or toilet area. Praise them when they go.
If they are outside for more than 3-5 minutes and are showing no signs of relieving themselves simply place the puppy back in the crate and try again in no more than 5 minutes.
Don�t scold or pay undo attention to them until the go outside and eliminate.
Give lots of praise and attention and return them to the house for further attention and socialization.

5. � Puppies quickly learn that by going outside and relieving themselves they will get lots of positive attention and will come back into the house and play with or be around the family.

6. Cautions with Crate Training

7. Be sure that crate training is completed correctly:

8. � Make the crate comfortable with toys, soft, washable bedding and lots of ventilation. It is to be a positive place that is the puppies �den�.

9. � Never use the crate as a punishment or isolation area. If your puppy begins to associate the crate with being ignored or punished they will quickly stop wanting to go to the crate.

10. � Keep the crate somewhere that is part of the
Introduction on juvenile macular degeneration Published: 15.04.2010 | Author: udtekadapter | Category: Health And Fitness

For a large number of aging people, they are suffering from juvenile macular degeneration. And a lot of young people also want to know more about juvenile macular degeneration in order to take precaution to this eye disease. However, they don鈥檛 have a clear idea or find little information to learn about this. The following will give some introduction on juvenile macular degeneration and the recent researches on this eye disease.

First let us talk about the macula. Macula is a very important part of our eyes. It is in the center of the retina at the back of the eyes. What functions do they have? Actually our detailed and straight ahead vision is both decided by macula. So you can imagine if there is some problem with our macula, what kind of situation it will be. Researches show there are several forms of juvenile macular degeneration that can affect the macula, which finally lead to genetic mutation.

Among all forms of juvenile macular degeneration, vitelliform macular degeneration is the best as it can be regarded as macular dystrophy. Vitelliform macular degeneration is a hereditary eye disease and can be transferred by genes. People can be diagnosed of vitelliform macular degeneration at their childhood or adolescence. Though it is minor disease, there are also several stages for it. There is a layer under the macula, caused retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The first stage is there is a yellow cyst under the RPE, but this can not influence our vision for many years. And the second stage is when the cyst ruptures, and then the RAPE will be flooded by fluid and yellow deposits. The third stage is more serious. Patients will lose their central vision as the fluid and deposits will cause RPE degeneration. However, the peripheral vision still exists.

The most common form of macular degeneration is Stargardt鈥檚 disease which was first discovered in 1901 by Karl Stargardt, who is a German ophthalmologist. After that, he did a lot of researches on this disease. And researches show the responsible gene, ABCR may be useful for future gene therapy. But as the clinical trials for different forms of juvenile macular degeneration are few, scientists still do not have enough information and can not prove the better way to treat it. And now there is a assumption that DHA dietary supplement may have some effect in improving macular functions with the ELOVL4 mutation. But scientists still need to do a lot of researches on patients with Stargardt-like macular dystrophy or Stargardt macular dystrophy to prove this assumption.

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Article Tags: Eye Disease

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